Millennium Development Goals in Jordan Snapshots based on Jordan’s 2010 Second National Millennium Development Goals Report 
At the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000, 189 Member States adopted the Millennium Declaration and pledged to achieve the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by the target date of 2015.
Since then, the declaration has succeeded in galvanizing unprecedented efforts to urge governments together with civil society organizations, the private sector and the international community in addressing the needs of the world’s poorest.
In Jordan, the first National MDG report was released in 2004 and made an effective contribution to the country’s policy-making as the goals, targets and indicators were adapted and aligned with national plans and development priorities.
“Keeping the Promise and Achieving Aspirations”
UNDP in partnership with the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation and in close consultations with other UN agencies, civil society organizations and relevant stakeholders, launched in 2010, Jordan’s Second National MDG Report titled “Keeping the Promise and Achieving Aspirations”. The report shows Jordan’s progress towards achieving the MDG’s and focuses on the steps required for the upcoming stage to meet the goals by 2015. It also serves as a reference informing national development plans.
| | MDG’s in Jordan
Jordan’s Second MDG Report showed that the country is on the right track towards meeting most of the MDG targets. In particular, MDG2 has been achieved and achievement of MDG 5 and 6 is possible. Targeted policy actions are needed to achieve MDG 1, 3, 4 and 7. In general, significant challenges still impede progress particularly in light of the repercussions of the global economic crises and its impact on economic growth rates, public debt, government revenues and unemployment rates. With only 5 years to achieve the MDG’s, a more holistic approach needs to be adopted.
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Tracking Jordan's Progress Towards the MDGs:
GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
| Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people below extreme poverty line | | Indicators | 1992 | 2002 | 2006 | 2008 | 2015 | | Proportion of Population below Extreme poverty line (%) | 6.6 | 4 | 2.3 | 0.25 | 3.3 | | Proportion of Population below Absolute Poverty line (%) | 15 | 14.2 | 13 | 13.3 | -- | | Poverty gap ratio (%) | 5.3 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | | Share of poorest 20% in overall consumption (%) | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 11.2 | 10 | Target 2: Achieve full employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Revised economic participation rate-Selected years
| | Indicators | 1991 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | | Employment to population (15+) ratio (%) | 34.3 | 35.3 | 34.0 | 32.7 | 34.5 | 35.0 | | Overall participation rate (%) | 41.5 | 38.2 | 39.4 | 38.3 | 39.5 | 40.1 | | Male participation rate (%) | 69.3 | 68.7 | 66.1 | 64.4 | 64.0 | 64.8 | | Female participation rate (%) | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 14.2 | 14.9 |
| Target 3: Halve, betwen 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger | | Indicators | 1990 | 2002 | 2009 | 2015 | | Under-weight Children below 5 years (Weight for Age) (%) | 6.4 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 3.2 | | Population below the minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%) | 6.6 (1992) | 4.0 | -- | 3.3 | | Weight for height ratio (wasting) (%) | 2.8 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
| Target : Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling | | Indicators | 1990-1991 | 1994-1995 | 1999-2000 | 2004-2005 | 2007-2008 | 2008-2009 | | Total Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education (NERs) | 86.7 | 91.43 | 96.2 | 97.6 | 97.6 | 97.6 | | Total survival rates to grade 5 of basic education | 92.2 | 93.8 | 96.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | -- | | Total literacy rate of 15-24 years old | 97.40 | 98.03 | 98.72 | 99.0 | 99.10 | -- | GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN | Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Basic and secondary school enrolement ratios: Female to male ratio by education level | | School year | 1991-1990 | 1994-1995 | 1999-2000 | 2004-2005 | 2009-2010 | | Basic | 94 | 100 | 96 | 97 | 97.8 | | Secondary | 105 | 106 | 102 | 100 | 110 | | Secondary Academic Stream | 108 | 132 | 122 | 113 | 118 | | Secondary Vocational | 53 | 50 | 59 | 55 | 65 | | Basic and Secondary | 96 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 97 |
| Female to male ratio in Jordanian universities and community colleges across various major specialties | | School Year | 1991-1992 | 1994-1995 | 1999-2000 | 2004-2005 | 2009-2010 | | Humanities | 89 | 71 | 104 | 110 | 119 | | Specific Specialties | 64 | 53 | 60 | 60 | 87 | | State universities | 86 | 74 | 123 | 135 | 131 | | Private Universities | 38 | 39 | 56 | 46 | 48 | | Universities | 87 | 95 | 97 | 100 | 104 | | Community Colleges | 123 | 178 | 216 | 157 | 137 | | Higher Education | 104 | 116 | 112 | 106 | 107 | | Female participation in upper and lower houses of parliament | | Indicator | 1989 | 1993 | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | | Women’s participation in the upper house (Senate) | 2.6 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 12.1 | 12.7 | | Women’s participation in the lower house (Representatives) | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 5.8 | 6.4 |
| Percentage of women representation in various leadership positions | | Indicator | 1990 | 1993 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | | Female participation in all forms of local governance | -- | 0.5 | -- | 4.4 | 10.0 | 27.4 | | Female participation in ministries | 4.8 | -- | -- | 3.4 | 10.5 | 14.3 | | Female participation in diplomatic corps | 2.3 | -- | 2.4 | 3.8 | 9.8 | 17.2 | | Female judges to total judges | -- | -- | 0.2 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 6.2 | | Female participation in professional associations | -- | -- | 19.2 | 19.2 | 22.5 | 22.7 | | Female participation in trade unions | 5.0 | -- | 5.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 21.0 |
| Share of women in wage employment in non-agricultural sector | | Year | % | | 1991 | 11 | | 2000 | 14.4 | | 2005 | 13.4 | | 2008 | 15.7 | | 2009 | 16.2 |
| Economic participation rates and employment rates by gender |
| Economic Participation Rate | Unemployment Rate | | Year | Male | Female | Male | Female | | 1991 | -- | -- | 14.5 | 34.1 | | 1995 | -- | -- | 13.0 | 29.1 | | 2000 | 66.1 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 21.0 | | 2005 | 64.4 | 11.7 | 12.8 | 25.8 | | 2008 | 64.8 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 24.1 |
GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
| Target : Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rates Trends of child mortality rates and immunization against measles | | Indicator | 1990 | 1997 | 2002 | 2007 | 2009 | 2015 | | U5MR (per 1000 live births) | 39 | 34 | 27 | 21 | 28 | 13 | | IMR (per 1000 live births) | 34 | 29 | 22 | 19 | 23 | 11.3 | | Proportion of 1 year old children immunized against measles (%) | 85 | 90 | 95.2 | 100 | 103 | 100 |
GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
| Target 1: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Trends of Maternal Mortality ratio (MMR) and proportion of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel | | Indicator | 1990 | 1997 | 2002 | 2009 | 2015 | | MMR per/100,000 live births | 48 | 41 | -- | 19 | 12 | | Proportion of deliveries attended by a skilled Health personnel (%) | 87 | 93.1 | 99 | 99 | 100 | | Target 2: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health services Trends of the reproductive health indicators | | Indicator | 1990 | 1997 | 2002 | 2007 | 2009 | 2015 | | 1. Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) | 40.2 | 53.6 | 55.8 | 57.1 | 59.3 | 65.8 | | 2. Female adolescents fertility rate (%) | 7.4 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 2 | | 3. Prenatal care (%) One visit
Four visits | 80.2
-- | 95.6
-- | 98.6
90.9 |
98.8
94.1 | --
-- |
100
-- | | 4. Unmet need for family planning (%) | 22 | -- | 11 | 12 | 11 | -- |
GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DESEASES
| Target 1: Have halted by 2015 and reserved the spread HIV/AIDS Trends for indicators to halt the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its treatment | | Indicator | 1990 | 2002 | 2009 | 2015 | | Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with sufficient knowledge about and prevention of HIV/AIDS (%) | -- | 72 | -- | 100 | | Proportion of PLHIV with access to drugs (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | | Target 2: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it Causes of HIV/AIDS transmission In Jordan, 2009 (%) | | Sexual transmission | Blood and its products
| Syringes | Mother to Child
(MTC)
| Unspecified | | 60 | 28 | 2 | 4 | 6 | | Target 3: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases Trends of the prevalence rates of Malaria,TB and other major epidemic diseases | | Indicator | 1990 | 2002 | 2009 | 2015 | Incidence and death rates associated with Malaria
(per 100,000)* | 8.7** | 2.9** | 0.8** | 0 | Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
(per 100,000)* | 14 | 6 | 6 | 1 | | Proportion of TB cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course (%) | 60 | 77 | 86 | 100 | (*) No deaths are registered from Malaria
(**) Incidence among non-nationals
| TB incidence rate per 100,000 in Jordan, 1990 to 2009 | | Year | Incidence rate Per 100,000
| | 1990 | 14 | | 1997 | 9 | | 1999 | 7.8 | | 2001 | 6.4 | | 2003 | 5.8 | | 2005 | 6.5 | | 2007 | 5.95 | | 2009 | 6 | GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Target 1: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss (degradation) of environmental resources
Indicators of mainstreaming sustainable development principles in development policies and programmes and reversing the degradation of environmental resources | | Indicator | 1990 | 2002 | 2004 | 2008 | 2015 | | Proportion of land area covered with forest (%) | 0.44 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.95 | | Basic energy consumption (ton/capita) | -- | -- | 1.21 | 1.25 | 1.52* | | Ozone-depleting substance consumption (%) | 100 | -- | 7 | -- | -- | | Percentage of renewable energy from total consumption (%) | -- | 1 | -- | 1.5 | 5 | Proportion of total water resources used for:
-Agriculture
-Industry
-Drinking water | |
| 63
5
32 | 63
5
32 | 60
5
35 | | Percentage of treated waste water re-used (%) | -- | 90 | 91 | 93 | 96 | Target 2: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010; significant reduction in the rate of loss
Indicators on reducing loss of biodiversity | | Indicator | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | | Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected to Jordan’s total square area | 0.14 | 0.44 | 1.4 | | Proportion of species threatened with extension: -Mammals
-Birds
-Reptiles
-Amphibians
-Tracheophytes | |
11
0.2
5
25
5
|
10.3
1.6
7.8
_
1 | | Proportion of land use and types:
-Agricultural
-Irrigated
-Land areas classified as reserves
-Proportion of land areas designated as significant for birds
| | |
2.5
1.0
4.6
8.7 |
| Target 3: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Proportion of population connected to water networks and sanitation services (%) | | Indicator | 2000 | 2002 | 2008 | 2015 | | Proportion of population with sustainable access to improved water source | 92.8 | 97 | 98.41 | 99 | | Proportion of households using an improved sanitation facility | 48 | 60.1 | 62.15 | 70 |
GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
| Target 1: Develop further an open, rule-based predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system that includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction both nationally and internationally Development in some economic indicators | | Indicator | 2003 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | | Economic growth rate at fixed prices (%) | 4.2 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 2.3 | | National exports growth rate (%) | 7.6 | 11.4 | 39.2 | -19.4 | | FDI growth rate (%) | 129.6 | 111.8 | 7.9 | -14.3 | | Remittances to GPD ratio (%) | 19.4 | 17.3 | 13.9 | 12.4 | | Remittances to national exports ratio (%) | 85.2 | 60.1 | 50.6 | 61.8 | | Selected indicators on economic openness | | Indicator | 2003 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | | External trade to GDP ratio (%) | 79.1 | 112.2 | 102.4 | 76.8 | | External grants and Aid (in million JD) | 1055 | 454 | 805 | 973 | | Grants and loans to GDP ratio (%)) | 15% | 5% | 5% | 5.5% | | FDI to GDP ratio (%) | 5.4 | 15.8 | 12.5 | 9.6 | | Average Custom tariff applied | 13.1 | 11.5 | 10.8 | -- |
| Target 2: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measure in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
Outstanding external public debt balance to GDP ratio | | Indicator | 2003 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | | Outstanding foreign public debt balance to GDP ratio | 74.6 | 56.7 | 22.5 | 21.7 |
| Target 3: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
ICT services indicators
| | Indicator | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | | Percentage of households having fixed landline telephones | 41.6 | 30.7 | 26.0 | | Percentage of households having mobile cellular phones | 86.3 | 94.2 | 96.5 | | Percentage of households having PCs or Laptops | 35.7 | 39.3 | 54.3 | | Percentage of households having internet connections | 15.6 | 13.2 | 18.4 | | Percentage of individuals who use computers (age group 5+) | 46.0 | 53.3 | 54.8 | | Percentage of individuals who use the Internet (age group 5+) | 15.6 | 21.6 | 25.8 |
*Source: Keeping the Promise and Achieving Aspirations: The Second National Millennium Development Goals Report-Jordan 2010.
| | Integrating MDGs within National Priorities
In 2006 Jordan released two important documents that articulated the vision of the country and development planning, namely the “National Agenda” and the "We are all Jordan". This vision was operationalized into a three-year National Executive Programme (NEP) specifying policies, programmes and projects for government institutions. UNDP supported the integration of MDG indicators within those plans, related to social welfare; health care, poverty reduction and education.
UNDP also continued to monitor this programme by building the capacity of the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation (MoPIC), which is in charge of their monitoring and evaluation, in incorporating MDG indicators within the NEP.
However, the above efforts needed to be placed within an overall framework and be supported with comprehensive coordination mechanisms that enable formulation of coordinated policies at the national, sectoral and local levels. Key to achieving this was to provide the needed data and analysis and generate the knowledge base for policy-making. UNDP is therefore providing technical and institutional support to help the ministry establish a monitoring framework for MDG’s in the NEP.
UNDP has also been involved in improving the quality of the poverty and social statistics produced by the official statistics office in Jordan: the Department of Statistics (DOS).
Local MDG Initiatives
National indicators revealed that regional disparities in Jordan are an issue. Local level planning is not as developed as national planning, which is highly the result of the centralized system in Jordan.
UNDP Jordan Country Office has been involved in local MDG initiatives in two governorates, namely Aqaba and Zarqa. The two governorates have been identified as areas of focus for UNDP Jordan. While Aqaba’s Special Economic Zone- a liberalized, low tax duty-free and multi–sector development zone- offers investment opportunities and promises growth, the government remains with significant poverty and environmental problems.
On the other hand, Zarqa is a highly populated governorate stricken by poverty with social and environmental problems. UNDP launched a local MDG Report on Aqaba in April 2008 and the first draft of the local MDG Report on Zarqa has been prepared. The process of preparation of both reports involved local organizations in each governorate and included consultations with civil society organizations. .
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